1981 onkyo TX-5000:class A amp?

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cfz2882

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recently put back into use a 1981 onkyo tx 5000 receiver I bought some 20 yrs ago-noticed this one has a nicer,richer sound at low volume than any of my other receiver/amps;also unlike the others,when operated at low volume for hours,substantial heat can be felt rising above the output transistor heatsink.this and the warm,rich sound even at low volume makes me think amp operates as "class A".Could find nothing online about the amp mode of this onkyo from the heyday of Japanese audio equipment.
 
I had a Onkyo TX 2500 amp I bought back in 1979. It had a great sound to it. I had never heard of Onkyo before. But the salesman at the stereo shop told me to take one and try it for a week or so. I kept it I liked it so much.

I have never seen a TX 5000 amp before. But the quality would be great. I would probably consider having it recapped as I have heard of some TX 1500's & TX 2500's loose their output section if a cap blows on them.
 
Warm heatsinks

Whilst I, too, am unfamiliar with the model of amplifier in question, I suspect that it may be a FET or MOS-FET output stage. These (especially early ones) get quite hot when quiescent in order to prevent 'thermal runaway', the exact opposite effect to bipolar transistors (hence the absence of Emitter Resistors in FET/MOS-FET configurations).

All best

Dave T
 
Not class A

Class A amplifiers are the simplest of the lot. I cannot imagine any Onkyo using such designs after... the 1950s perhaps...
You'll tend to find class-A in AM radios, inexpensive phonographs and B&W TVs.
Heat-sinks will always be warm regardless of volume level but will certainly get warmer generally after long use or when pushed hard.
 
I'm not familiar with that particular amp but here are a couple guesses.

First off its not likely a FET or MOS-FET design. In the early 80's power FET's just weren't very common in consumer audio power amplifiers, especially a receiver. They were just starting to appear in higher end component power amps about that time. FET's were pretty common in small signal gain stages though. Also note that the transistor technology used really doesn't define the operating class or its quiescent idle current. It is possible that many MOS-FET designs ran higher idling (bias) currents but this may be due either to them aspiring to better sound or the better resistance to thermal runaway that MOS-FET's have compared to bipolar junction transistors.

In an audio power amplifier of any size true class "A" operation really doesn't exist. For reference Class A means that the output devices are conducting current continuously throughout both the positive and negative parts of the amplified signal waveform. This creates a LOT of heat even during times of zero signal.

A Class B design only has the output devices conducting when there a signal and there will be one device to handle each polarity of the waveform. A true Class B amp will run basically cold to the touch. Class B amps don't really exist in the audio world either due to linearity problems as the transistors are switching.

What most all amplifiers have is a blend of the two classes, often known as Class AB. In these amps there is an idling current so that each of the polarities of output devices will be conducting continuously, but only up to a certain level when they effectively get cut off. This gives the linearity advantages of a Class A design with the efficiency of Class B at higher outputs. At higher signal levels the distortions due to non-linearity are much smaller and less noticeable so its a reasonable compromise. Still the engineers play a lot with the idling currents so some amps may dissipate more or less heat idling then others.

As for the perceived audio qualities its not likely due to small changes in the operating point of the power amp. It could be due to small variations of frequency response or perhaps interactions with how the amplifier interacts with the complex impedance of your speakers that is different from other amps. Of course listening is a physco acoustic experience so one can't fully separate out what your brain wants you to hear. In other words audio perception is influenced by other factors, looks or preconceived ideas. If it weren't for this fact they hucksters that sell $1000 speaker cables would have to find another avenue to con people out of their money ;)

Beware though at 30+ years of age, replacing electrolytic capacitors will soon be necessary. But, the bottom line is that you found a good component and it makes sound that pleases you. Enjoy your music!

kb0nes++10-4-2013-13-40-20.jpg.gif
 
thanks for all that info guys-does sound like this onkyo is more class AB.tx 5000 is a quite large and very pretty receiver-dial "glass"is even real glass on this era of onkyo.All snowed in right now,so a couple other receivers may get tested: a 1974 GTE Sylvania I got a while back and I might get back to the '78 sanyo I had the bulb thread on a couple months back and give it a real test after bulb repair done.
 
Class B/AB

Kb0nes' detailed reply has reminded me... Whilst, yes, 'Class B' audio amplifiers do actually run as Class AB, with a few milliamps of current running in the 'cutoff' transistor during each half-cycle, usually this current is about 5mA, and results in negligible heating. I did once encounter an amplifier which had suffered 'drift' in the biassing network, and which was running about 65mA, and got seriously hot. You may wish to investigate whether something similar has happened in your case. In my case it was just one resistor which had gone high.

All best

Dave T
 

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