Growing up in the Southeast USA, I saw basically two patterns. Pre-war homes put the laundry equipment wherever it would fit, and the plumbing/electrical could be extended. My paternal grandparents enclosed a small back porch off the kitchen and made it the laundry area. Most of post-war homes built before 1970 had the laundry area in the garage. I think this might have stemmed in part from a (sometimes justified, in the early days) suspicion of automatic washers and the possibility of flooding. Also, many of the young couples buying these houses did not have dryers initially. It was fairly convenient to take the laundry out the garage's back door to the clothesline. I only recall seeing one house in the area in that era that had laundry in the kitchen; it had a place for a combo. IIRC it was a Philco.
Some houses had the "laundry closet", a closet off of a hallway that was just large enough for the machines themselves. It would usually be enclosed with louvered bifold doors, although sometimes it was just left open. They were always dark, and installing a machine in one was a pain.
The WTF one, for me, were the houses that had carports instead of garages, and had the laundry in a detached room off of the carport, not heated and not connected to the house. A lot of these were built in the 1970s. We lived in one for a while. In the winter, it was miserable having to go outside to take the laundry back and forth. And sometimes you couldn't do laundry because the plumbing froze. I remember having to replace the taps for the washer because they froze and then started leaking. Why the freezing didn't damage the washer itself, I can't explain, but it never did. The water heater was also in that room, and I think it heated the room somewhat.
In the late '80s / early '90s, there was a fad around here for having the laundry be in the master bedroom closet. Everyone I knew that had one of these came to hate it eventually: it made the closet damp, the noise meant you couldn't sleep in the bedroom while a load was running, floors often weren't sturdy enough to prevent vibration, and any water leak or overflow was a disaster.
Our laundry is in a room next to the kitchen. That's where my wife wanted it.