Odd. Those eco-nazi Cascade Platinum pods have worked beautifully in every dishwasher I own, between the PowerClean and the "waterless" high-efficiency Whirlpool and KitchenAid as well. They've yet to leave anything less than a sparkling machine interior and spotless dishes, and I've never had to actually clean the filters at all because aside from a few stray specks, they keep remarkably clean.
And I actually have a Tupperware container full of Cascade Professional "fryer boil out" because I wanted to see what all the fuss was about, but to be perfectly honest, with adding a teaspoon or a few tablespoons along with the normal detergent pac, I don't notice any improvement either way.
Again, in the spirit of the years-long debate on the subject, something being "new" or "modern" does not automatically make it worse or ineffective. I used to be anti-HE years ago, and now you couldn't pry these new dishwashers or my 2017 WP front loader away from me.
In response to OP and the baking pan, higher grade detergent probably would have made a bit of difference, but from experience with the lower wash arm's spray patterns like your machine has, the biggest difference would have been if it was loaded more along the outsides, angled down. The only jet that would have hit that pan would have been the slotted fan-jet towards the center of the arm; none of the outer jets that have a lot more pressure would have sprayed into it directly.