Ingredients: Dispersant (PEG), Softening Agent (Dialkylester Dimethyl Ammonium Methosulfate), Deposition Aid (Polyquaternium-10), Fragrances, Colorants. May also contain Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid)
What you've got is a variation of in wash fabric softener that goes back to "Rain Barrel", but with a more modern chemistry.
Dialkylester Dimethyl Ammonium Methosulfate is a standard quat fabric softener that is work horse of many Downy products (and other fabric softeners) up and down the line. You find it in Downy Wrinkle Guard FS for instance:
https://downy.com/en-us/fabric-softener/liquid-fabric-conditioner/wrinkleguard-unscented
Long story short Tide Damage Control is being touted to provide same benefits as rinse added fabric softener, but one adds it to wash instead. Presumably those clever chops at P&G have sorted problems that dogged previous in wash fabric softeners (Rain Barrel), and the stuff provides advertised benefits without interfering with job of detergents, bleaches, enzymes, etc...
https://www.stepan.com/content/stepan-dot-com/en/products-markets/product/STEPANTEXSP90.html
https://www.ewg.org/enviroblog/2011/11/dont-get-slimed-skip-fabric-softener
What is the point of all this palaver? Well depending upon which side of fence one sits fabric softeners are totally unnecessary, evil and vile chemical concoctions. OTOH for those who like the softness of hand, scent, ease of ironing, reduction of creasing, and or other benefits provided the stuff is a wash day essential. So there's quite a bit of range there......
Ever since soap was dethroned as queen of wash day first commercial/industrial and then later domestic laundry had to cope with fabrics feeling rough after washing with detergents. Soap is a natural fabric softener in fact the fats and oils used to produce the stuff always leave a bit of residue no matter how much one rinses. With proper laundering techniques that residue will be removed at next wash (to be replaced by more if washing with soap), but there shouldn't be a serious build-up.
Detergents, especially built powder versions have no such softening properties on their own, hence fabric softeners came along, with early versions pretty much just emulsions of tallow and or other fats/oils in water. So basically people are putting "soap" back into fabrics that would have had such residue if washed in that substance. Dryer sheets early on and many still are largely bits of cloth impregnated with stearic acid (aka, soap).
What all these products do to various extent is lay down a coating and or lubricate textile fibers so they slip past each other. This lowers abrasion so things don't get so chewed up not just in the wash, but from wear and tear that comes with use. The lubrication of fibers (especially cotton) helps reduce creasing both during washing (and especially extraction), and in being worn or used. Finally that lubrication and or coating makes ironing easier in that things glide along due to a smoother textile surface.
[this post was last edited: 11/3/2020-21:10]