Frgidaire 1940 Electric Range line-up

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kenmore71

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Here are 7 pages from the service manual describing the 1940 line of Frigidaire electric ranges.
The most interesting feature for me is that this seems to be the first year that Frigidaire entered into the market of producing an electric range with a wood or coal-fired kitchen heater all in one cabinet.

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Mark/Kenmore71

 

Thanks for the scans.  To me those stoves sure had the bells and whistlers on them  They look as good as anything today and I am sure they cooked better.

 

 
 
Actually, they did not. Most of the units had only three heats with only one having 5 heats and the heavy rings used to construct the heating elements were very slow to heat up and then slow to respond to changes in heat levels, very much like the solid disc elements except the heating was not as even on the lower heats. When the owner's manual says that after bringing water to a boil for drip coffee you have enough heat left in the surface unit to cook bacon and eggs, you have a serious case of too much bulk in the elemsnts.
 
Actually, the 1937-38 models had three heats for all the heating elements.
In 1939 they introduced the 5-heat switch for all of the surface elements EXCEPT the Thermizer element which retained a 3-heat switch.

Maybe later today I will get a chance to scan the 1941 models which was when Frigidaire introduced the first of its 3 incarnations of the "Radiantube" surface cooking heating elements. This element was thicker in width than the GE Calrod element but was not as thick as the later 3-wire (and eventually only 2-wire with the introduction of the "infinite heat controls in the late 50s) elements that were used by Frigidaire throughout the 1950s.

In terms of thickness, this first Radiantube style looks rather like the Westinghouse "Corox" elements.

I would imagine that cooking on these early models with the flat disc elements was a bit of a trial and definitely took some getting used to. However, when you stop to consider that most likely the largest markets for these ranges were farmsteads and small towns that were benefitting from Rural Electrification and that most of these homes had no natural gas service and were switching from cooking with wood or kerosene to electric that the trials and limitations of these ranges paled in comparison to the advantages that they brought.

I know for a fact that my maternal grandparents abandoned their wood cookstove and installed an electric range the MINUTE that electricity came to the farm in 1939. Since farms were provided with relatively heavy wiring from the start (typically 60 amps of 115/230 volt single phase) for the anticipated use of milking machines, water pumps, milk coolers, etc., the load demands of an electric range were well within those parameters.

There is also a fascinating picture somewhere in the family "archives" of my grandmother's 1950 or so GE electric dryer situated right up against the range in the kitchen. I once asked her about that picture and she said they put it there because that's where the heavy outlet was. She also noted that it was not possible to bake and run the dryer at the same time without melting the fuses. [this post was last edited: 1/28/2012-15:52]
 
Coal Fires

Actually a coal fire is much easier than you think to start and especially maintain. In Tomturbomatic's article they pretty much covered it. I had an ancient 200 year old house once with a coal stove to suppliment the oil furnace. Using the charcoal or wood pellets were definitely the easiest in getting it going for the first time but if you just shook it down and added more coal twice a day, it would continue to throw off good heat until the outside temperature did go to 50 or so and the fire would just smother itself and go out. Before oil furnaces were popular around here, people had dual purpose heaters and furnaces in their basements (we called them octopusses). You had to burn only wood until the ambient outside temperature was cold enough and then switched to coal for the remainder of the winter. Ther was always a corner of the basement near a window that was the designated coal bin for bulk delivery.
 
My father's parents had a huge coal gravity hot air furnace and on a visit in the winter I followed my grandfather down there where he would shake the grates and throw more coal in for the night. Sometimes a clinker would jam the grates and there would be lots of banging as he rumbled about that. In between the dining room and the living room was a big round iron grate where the heat came up and all of the big tubes fed cold air into the bottom of the jacket. There were little registers in the ceiling that could be opened to allow warm air to rise to the upstairs bedrooms. After he died around 1960, grandmother had the furnace converted to oil and had a water heater put in.

About the minimum outside temperature for the flue to work properly; is that because coal smoke is denser or heavier than wood smoke? If you lived in Atlanta where many older homes had a coal chute into the basement, did you have to worry about switching between wood and coal as the temperature rose and fell? We sure take a lot for granted now.

Those first units were far thicker than the Radiantubes and Frigidaire's first tube type surface units heated in very strange patterns. Cooking on them must have been a challenge when Medium Low was the setting for baking pancakes but it only heated an inner loop of the unit; not good for a large griddle. Friends had a range with those and I have one also. Being round tubes, they threw almost as much heat downward as upward. Still as has been said, they were a huge step up from a solid fuel range. I wonder if owners of a combination fuel range used the part over the firebox like a French top and did cooking on that when it was in use? Having never used a cookstove, I don't know what the speed of the hottest part of the top was like in comparrison to an electric surface unit, but since it was constantly hot and had so much mass, I would bet it was right fast. Given that the round top of the coal heated part of the Frigidaire combination range was directly over the fire box, there was probably no way to move pans to a cooler portion of that for slower cooking so maybe they had to be finished on the surface units, even if started over the coal-fired part. In O. Henry's The Gift of the Magi, there is the statement, "the pan on the back of the stove was hot and ready to cook the meat." I always assumed it was a solid fuel range where the top was constantly hot, given the time period in which William Sydney Porter wrote. I love how he called New York City "Bagdad-on-the-Subway." If any of you ever have the chance, try to see the 1952 movie O. Henry's Full House.[this post was last edited: 1/28/2012-18:23]
 
Here is scan of the service manual showing the design and explaining the operation of the first generation "speed heat" surface units that were used from 1937-1940.

It is certainly an interesting side note that Frigidaire would later re-use the term "speed-heat" in the late 1950s when they introduced the 120 volt 2 wire surface unit combined with the "speed heat" switch that would flash that unit with 240 volts when first turned on to bring it up to temperature very quickly!

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Coal For Heating Is Making A Comback

Though limited in some areas of the Northeast with abundant supplies such as PA, Maine, etc...

With propane gas and oil prices going through the roof many with homes that still have the old furnaces/boilers that can burn coal will do so. Problem is finding a steady supply source. The "coal man" isn't exactly the staple of American life he once was, nor are coal burning steam locomotives. By the latter one means according to stories told by "old timers" it was common for those whom couldn't afford to purchase coal to hang around RR tracks and other infrastructure to gather up bits of the stuff that fell off train's coal cars and or was otherwise littered about. Usually this was done by children and as one can imagine was quite dangerous both because of the risk of being struck by a locomotive but also from RR police who took a dim view of "stealing".
 
Keeping Coal Fired Ranges/Boilers Going

Remember watching "1900 House" and the troubles the poor family (especially the mother) had keeping the range going much less getting it to heat water for the boiler.

Apparently no one bothered to teach the mother in depth how to start, bank and maintain a coal fired range. This was something Victorian/Edwardian girls would have learned quite early in life as part of helping with household chores. The woman did eventually learn but the huge amount of time it took out of her day (stoking, shaking down grates,etc...).

As for heating hot water, it turns out the contractors who installed the range out of modern safety concerns moved it very far from the heat exchanger, thus the thing wouldn't power the boiler properly. Once the thing was moved into the proper position things were fine.

Ok, hijack over...
 
HI everyone

The size of coal used in this cool looking heater would be lump coal; I used to get it at the coal yard. I just took a couple of old laundry tubs, put them in the trunk of the Town Car, shoveled in large lump coal, not pea coal that went into hoppers for stokers and even finer sized coal that was used for bin fed stokers.
Huge pieces of coal I did not put into the firebox. I broke them into pieces that would fit and shovel them in, about these size of the palm of your hand or so. I used crumpled newspapers first, then corncobs then sprinkled some coal on top of all of that. Open the dampers and light the newspaper. When the coal finally catches fire, more can be added. When the fire is burning brightly, close the dampers a bit and keep a watchful eye on things. I cooked many meals on my Copper Clad and kept the kitchen warm too. OVER FIRING IS NOT A GOOD IDEA! lol I hope this helped. Thanks, Gary
 
You are both right Tomturbomatic and Laundress regarding coal burning. Coal is still available here, mostly in 50 lb. bags or by bulk but it is screened, washed and oil treated, so there is no black dust, and not that cheap. Anthricite is the preferred coal as Bituminous is stinky and smoky. I am guessing the smoke/gas is nowhere as warm as wood, thats why it will not go up the chimney unless its cold outside. My coal stove's smoke pipe was always cool to the touch, all the heat radiated from the bottom so there was no danger of a chimney fire. Most of the old gravity furnaces were either one big outlet or several smaller ducts coming from the top of huge thing that looked like a gigantic tin can going to all directions in the house, thus the octopus. Many people did replace the coal grates with an oil or gas burner, but it was terribly inefficient. The new thing around here is a pellet stove. There are several factories that take the wood waste from sawmills and compress them into small pellets, think rabbit food, only bigger. These stoves are direct vented thru a wall, produce a ton of heat, are very efficient and the pellets are cheap. But they require electricity, so no power, no heat. Before my grandfather retired from the railroad, he bought a couple of the caboose pot bellied coal stoves (I have one in storage) before they swapped to kerosene. So I always will have another option. The only electric with a side heater I ever remembered seeing was my aunts Magee. I never had a clue Frigidaire ever made them.
 
I don't know if anyone here remembers a brand of frozen food by the name of Gino's, but it was owned by Gino Palucci. He grew up in Hibbing and went to school with my mom. They were very poor because his father died when the kids were young. I think he did not even get to graduate from high school because he had to drop out to work to support the family. He talked of picking up coal from the street and train tracks for their stove at home.
 
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