Eau de Javel
Is an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hypochlorite. Orginally produced in Javelle, France (a small town now part of Paris), and was invented by M. C. Berthollet in 1785.
Eau de Javel was produced by passing chlorine gas through a water solution of potash. After bleaching powder (chloride of lime)was invented in 1789, Javel water was sometimes produced by reacting the bleaching powder with sodium carbonate or potash.
Though a strong textile bleach, eau de Javel is not the same as today's LCB which is a of sodium hypochlorite.
Javel water was not universally accepted by many, and some households prefered their laundry/textiles to be bleached the way it had been done for ages in Europe; via laying wet textiles on grassy fields and allowing sunshine and nature to do the bleaching. However bleaching fields took up much land and was time consuming so many laundries/laundry women/workers and or texile makers prefered to use eau de Javel. Some familes,especially those in France responded by sending their laundry to the French colonies in the Islands to be done.
Many people then as today realised that "chlorine" bleaching was strong and over/improper use could lead to textile damage. Bleaching fields were replaced in many European cultures by boil washing especially after perborates came on the scene. Even today one can find little plastic sausages of eau de Javel in shops all over France, but it is rarely used for laundry; rather for house cleaning instead.
Chloride of lime by the way was the white powder one sees in or hears about in period media being scattered over bodies, mass graves, graves etc. This was done in an attempt to keep down the stench of decay.
L.