Tatra and Porsche . . .
Hitler liked cars but knew very little about them - he never even learned to drive. Even so he quickly grasped the great advantages of a high-speed road network linking all parts of Germany together for both military and civilian uses. In most European countries at the time cars were seen as luxuries and even inexpensive cars were heavily taxed. Hitler decided to create a government sponsored car as a propaganda resource to promote his National Socialist party and their vision of the future of the Third Reich.
At the time, the original Dr. Porsche (Ferdinand) was a respected and experienced automotive engineer who had mostly worked on expensive cars or race cars. Like many other engineers, he became fascinated by the prospect of putting the engine, transmission, and differential at one end of the car. Very early cars had been this way but as engine size increased it became impractical. However by the early thirties technical advances had made engines smaller and more efficient. Dr. Porsche also really wanted to design a small and inexpensive car but none of his employers had any interest in that. Eventually he started his own engineering company doing consulting work and did some preliminary studies for a small rear engined car. This went nowhere until the German government commissioned a study from him for their small car ("KdF Wagen", for the KdF branch of the government that was in charge of the car). Porsche then adapted his rear-engined design to suit the government requirements. By the late '30s it was pretty well developed, but the Beetle never went into mass production due to the war; all the cars built were hand-made prototypes or promotional cars. The first VW to be mass produced was the military Kubelwagen, Germany's WWII answer to the Jeep.
While Porsche was busy designing his car Hans Ledwinka at Tatra was a couple of steps ahead with his own rear-engined cars. He'd been at Tatra since the '20s and had proven his own abilities on more conventional cars and so was able to do some radical engineering. In '33 they brought out the Type 77, a very fast if rather unstable car with a rear-mounted, air cooled V8. This was replaced by an improved Type 87 a couple of years later, and by the late '30s he also had a smaller car with an air cooled flat four in production, albeit larger and more expensive than the VW. Clearly, Ledwinka and Tatra were first in production with their designs but he was quite aware of what Porsche was doing with the VW project. Many years later Tatra sued VW and did win some money, but it is really difficult due to the conditions in the '30s to ascertain who was copying who.
When Germany invaded Czechoslovakia many officers tried to "requistion" any V8 Tatras they could as the cars were among the fastest on the road outside of exotic luxury cars. Eventually they were forbidden to do so by the German military, not of out consideration for the real owners of the cars, but because the combination of a swing axle rear suspension, lots of power, and poor roads often proved fatal for inexperienced drivers.
After WWII ended Tatra continued Type 87 production for awhile until the Czech Communist Party decided that they didn't need to make a luxury car and should concentrate on their very well engineered trucks. This lasted a few years, supposedly until a few Czech party big-wigs were forced to buy Soviet cars. They then put Tatra back in the big-car business, albeit without Ledwinka who had left the country. The result was the 603, built from the late '50s into the '70s. With its split rear window, little tailfins, and rear air cooled V8 it was one of the oddest luxury cars in the world, and was often chauffer driven. It was also pretty well engineered and made and some are still on the road today.
Photo is of a Type 77, a bit Beetle-esque but much, much larger!
[this post was last edited: 4/26/2011-00:47]
