"What do the two black-and-white pictograms on the Right of the kilogram rating"
At top of each of those columns are a "square" and "circle" which correspond to something or cycle machine does for selected "Waschprogramm". Where the squares beneath each in column are either filled in (solid black) or left clear (or white) means something is either switched on or off depending upon cycle chosen.
Am going to guess the "square" represents internal heater being turned on or off.
Say this because going by pictures above machine will heat water for all cycles except "Woll" at 30 degrees C, rinse only and starch only (stärken). Starching in German is called stärken which translates into "strengthen" or "reinforcing" which is what laundry starch does.
If you look at first dial with lettering (indicates cycle) you will see for "C", "D" and "E" and perhaps "F" there are areas marked that are either clear (in this case silver since that is background color), or dark (black), which match areas above described.
On these older German (and many other European) washing machines you normally had three dials. Programming, Temperature, and Timer/Program Progress Sequence.
On this Bosch machine black dial sets temperature. Silver to right controls programming sequence/timer. Dial to left of (first) sets program itself.
To keep Madame or anyone else from ruining their woolens or delicate things using too high wash temperature some sort of lock out was usually devised. That or programming guide itself told owners what to do.
My older Miele W1070 has similar set up, but notice while one could do Delicates at any temp up to 200F, Woolens is locked out at temps above 100F.
https://www.manualslib.com/manual/353756/Miele-W-1070-Washing-Machine.html?page=20#manual
Long since largely replaced by modern fully electronic controls these three dial washing machines offered quite a bit of flexibility.