I wouldn't have thought so - Vanish Stain Remover powder is just a slightly more concentrated laundry powder.
I suppose the only way it might ruin a machine, would be if the user habitually used a ton of the stuff, constantly causing a drum full of suds, damaging the bearing seal and bearings, with poor rinsing results too.
Plastics deteriorate over time anyway, some become brittle, some craze, some peel, some turn to powder. You can sometimes smell the deterioration of certain plastics... they give off a vinegary or an unwashed 'B.O.' type odour - not very pleasant.