10 dangerous things in Victorian/Edwardian homes

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sudsmaster

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Here's a sound lesson for those who might pine for the good old days of 19th Century Victorian and Edwardian England...

The list includes bread adulterated with alum, borated milk masking deadly bovine TB bacteria, exploding toilets, and self-igniting celluloid collars.

10 dangerous things in Victorian/Edwardian homes [from the BBC]

"The late Victorians and the Edwardians lived through a domestic revolution. Theirs was a bold and exciting age of innovation, groundbreaking discoveries and dramatic scientific changes, many of which altered life at home in profound ways - including some that were terrible and unforeseen, writes historian Dr Suzannah Lipscomb.

Much of their ingenuity was a response to the challenges of living in the newly booming cities - in 100 years, the urban population of Britain had leapt from two million in 1800 to 20 million at the turn of the 20th Century. By 1850, London was the biggest city the world had ever seen, and such enormous concentrations of people posed brand new problems of feeding, watering and housing the masses.

In addition, the newly enriched middle classes - whose incomes had risen as mass production meant the cost of necessities dropped dramatically - had more money to spend on luxuries than ever before, and those they purchased were designed to make their homes into comfortable, fashionable havens of domesticity.

Yet, many of the products they bought or inventive technological solutions they came up with were not only health hazards, but deadly domestic assassins. They were welcoming hidden killers into the heart of their homes."


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Victorian houses

I live in a Victorian house built in 1897 as a wedding present, Queen Anne in design.
It is so right about staircases; I have 2. The front staircase is wide, not steep and rambles on to different levels and then has an open sitting area at the top which is open but has balastrades to keep you from hurtling to your death. lol The second or backstairs is another story. It is steep and narrow and semi enclosed. It comes down at the back of the house where the maid's room was. (Now the bathroom). I use it a lot but you do have to watch where you are going and what you are carrying etc. It is over the basement stairs which mimic it in design but is open on the right side. The attic stairs is a real killer. Not only does it curve but it is very steep and the treads get smaller as you go up, not a good idea at all. Just watch what you are doing and you are ok. A great place to live, most of the time. Makes a great house of Christmas decorating. Gary
 
BBC Houses

Hmm. What's the title of the series?

I expect it might eventually make its way out here.

Myself, we lived in some older buildings in San Francisco in the '60's. Of course, due to the great quake and fire of '06, none were much older than, say 1910. San Francisco still calls most of its old ornate housing "Victorian" although Dear Vicky was long gone by the time they were built. Actually, I'd estimate the oldest were perhaps around the 1920's or 1930's. I say that because the light switches in many of the rooms were still the pushbutton type. The bath was split between sink/tub room and little water closet, which was about 15 feet down a narrow hallway. I'm thinking of this particular flat on Stanyan Street because the back staircase was a bit spooky. Not exactly dangerous but it would have been a good setting for a murder mystery movie. On top of that, the kitchen sink drained into a small open iron box on the other side of the wall on what I suppose could be called a mud room just off the stairs. This had a coarse grating and periodically had to be cleaned out of accumulated scrapings and grease. Yuck.

I tried searching a bit for when pushbutton light switches were phased out in favor of toggle switches. Along the way I found this fascinating article on early electrical lighting, link is below.

 
Lol, I kind of doubt that celluloid collars were that dangerous.

Celluloid is inflammable, and will certainly burst into flames when exposed to too much heat, but, as a fountain pen collector, I've got a lot of pens from the Twenties and Thirties made from Pyralin, DuPont's trade name for celluloid. Some of them get crystallized and crack with age, but I've never heard of one spontaneously bursting into flames. In fact, applying gentle heat to remove stuck "sections" is standard repair procedure.
 
Celluloid is derived from gun cotton, and as such is highly flammable. A lot of early motion pictures have been lost due to the nitrocellulose they are printed on decomposing in their tins, or starting fires in the projector rooms from the heat of the projection lamps.

Today not much is made from it, except for... ping pong balls... where it has ideal characteristics for that application.

Never have tried to light one, though.
 
Another danger of the cellulose films---they can BURN UNDERWATER!!!!I have seen the results of a film fire-was at the old Census Agency-in Suitland,Md just South of DC.The fire involved a building storing older cellulose motion picture films and X-ray prints.electricians were doing a wiring job in the building-somehow a fire was started-the electricians perished,so did the contents of the building-I saw it burning-fire was blowing out of the windows like blowtorches.After the fire was out--looked at the building-the fire was so hot the glass and metal of the windows and frames werte melted and ran down the brick of the building-same with some of the bricks-were melted,too.I can't remember how the fire was put out-beleive they had to let it burn becuase of its intensity and the amount of cellulose involved.It was quite a spectacle-sad the electricians were lost.Don't remember how many died in that fire.Happened sometime in the 70's.
 
Nitrate film stock was phased out in the early 1950's. Before then, projectors had fire rollers and film magazines, where the reels are, had doors to try and isolate the film in case of a fire.

I dismantled a 1935 projection booth some years ago. Each porthole had a metal shutter held in place by a small chain and tied to a pipe near the ceiling. If a fire occurred, a metal link would have broken and allowed that pipe to rotate and close all the portholes. The projection room door was steel lined and weighted. If the link broke, the door slammed shut.
 
2 button light switches.

2 button light switches fell from popularity in the 1920s. They are in reproduction now and are quite nice, but my house still has 3 original 2-button switches and a lot of knob and tube wiring. I'm keeping all of it (on lower-amperage, light duty circuits now though).

Dave
 
Me too Dave

I have 2 of the original 2-button switches. The only things that haven't been re-wired are the light fixtures in the dining room and foyer. I have replaced 3 of the older push buttons with new ones which work just great. None of the older switches or receptacles were in boxes. All has been replaced and are in boxes.
 
Celluloid, etc

Not yet had chance to follow the 'link', but... On the subject of the 'iron box' under the kitchen sink (Reply#3), yes, it's a grease trap. All kitchen sinks should have one!! As far as I know, there is still a regulation in force requiring one to be fitted to all kitchen sinks in the U.K., but it's never enforced...

Flammability of celluloid film... According to the 'official' story, this was the cause of the fire which toally destroyed the Frauenkirche in Dresden, Saxony (taking with it the priceless Silbermann Organ) the day AFTER the fires from the Allied bombing of the city had been extinguished. It appears that the SS had used the undercroft of the church to store literally TONS of film in what appeared to be a safe building in a very safe city, but the heat from the fires had gradually penetrated the stonework (pehaps accompanied by a few embers) and a second, localised, conflagration ensued.

I will fully check out the 'link' when machine time permits...

All best

Dave T
 
Victorian & Edwardin Homes Were A Minefield of Poisons

Along with drugs that are either illegal or require a physicians consent to have today, and sometimes not even then.

Arsenic & strychnine were sold to control indoor and garden pests (rats, mice, insets, etc..).

Thallium salts for ringworm and other skin diseases

Cocaine, morphine and heroin for everything from colic to upset stomach.

And so it goes.

Carbolic (phenol) the wonder disinfectant of the period is actually considered a health risk and banned in many EU countries. The famous Lifebuoy (carbolic)soap you found all over the UK and Commonwealth nations back then cannot be produced or IIRC even sold in the UK. It can be found in India which one understands has a dedicated following to Lifebuoy soap.

With no modern refrigeration people got "tummy" problems much more often than we do today from eating "off" food. Not wanting to "waste" food for the expense people ate what we today would chuck out. Of course when you ate out you never knew what you were getting did you? It was literally a case of what you don't know can hurt you.

This happened in the United States as well:

"During the Spanish-American War (1898) Armour sold 500,000 pounds of beef to the US Army. An army inspector tested the meat two months later and found that 751 cases contained rotten meat. This resulted in the food poisoning of thousands of soldiers.[1]" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armour_and_Company

If the product inside the container wasn't iffy, then there was the thing itself. Many canned goods then were sealed with lead. This meant anyone consuming enough of such goods became a risk for lead poisoning.
http://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/FRANKLIN-EXPEDITION-MUMMIES-Mummies-Bodies-Talk

One of the most dangerous thing in Victorian & Edwardian homes was dirt. Without modern antibiotics even a minor infection such as being pricked by a rose bush in the garden could be fatal.

To anyone that is a fan of "Miss. Marple" and other such things it needs hardly to be said since poisons were so easily had they were used to dispatch everyone from wives to even one's parents if you couldn't wait for your inheritance.

Because mortality rates were high anyway and often the symptoms of slow poisoning were mistaken for the many other diseases that plagued persons of the age, it could go unnoticed. That is like today until someone started asking questions and an autopsy including forensic testing were done on the corpse. If proven it was hanging time!

It is because of the above and things noted in the OP link that we have modern safety laws including those for health, manufacturing, truth in labeling, etc...

Upton Sinclair's book "The Jungle" gave the horrible conditions at Chicago's meatpacking plants. FDR didn't believe things were that vile and accused Mr. Sinclair of trying to stir up trouble. In the end after investigations that found most of the conditions were true or likely to be so, laws were enacted to protect public health. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jungle

 
It's a bit ironic ...

... as Launderess rightly points out, Victorian and Edwardian homes were a minefield of poisons.

But that's not all. The other enormous danger was our new (and virtually unregulated and largely experimental) use of electricity in the home. It was the Wild Wild West of electrical power; no electrical codes, no laws, no licensed electricians -- anybody and everybody doing whatever they wanted with that juice coming into their homes. And this folly cost countless lives.

Even our most common electrical appliances were profoundly dangerous. We today are so used to those omnipresent "UL Listed" labels that we don't even notice them. We take for granted that everything and anything that plugs into the wall has been super-duper-quadruple-checked and over-regulated to the point where you have to actually work at hurting yourself with it. But back in the '20s and '30s, this was far from the case. More often than not, when your vacuum or toaster failed, it didn't just stop working, it literally went out with a BANG ... and maybe even a flame or two.

I used to laugh at my dear late grandmother, who was obsessed with unplugging everything (even the TV) when it wasn't in use. It wasn't until the '70s that Grandma was comfortable with leaving LAMPS plugged in when she left the house. But now I understand: she grew up in the '20s, during a time when light bulbs really could (and did) burst into flames.

I actually see the turn-of-the-century period (roughly 1880s - 1930s)as being among the most "dangerous" for humankind. Prior to that, the biggest challenges and dangers were wild animals, enemies, and sheer survival. True, disease was a problem back then, too, but there wasn't quite so MUCH of it; as the article points out, some of the worst diseases and outbreaks developed as a result of urban overcrowding, a natural consequence of the rise of industrialization.

Like children playing unsupervised in Dad's workshop, we really had no idea what we had our hands on when we started playing with chemicals, electricity, and machinery. And it took a long time for government to start regulating (and even outlawing) this stuff, at least to protect us from ourselves.
 

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