Cable in germany
It does exist, but is way more complicated then in some other places.
PayTV of any form was actually verry much not the norm until this decade. I mean, there were services, yes, and there were people who had them, but it was far from the norm. Most people just had satelite, usually Astra, and that was basicly free (except for the "Rundfunkgebühr", but that actually only funds the so called "state TV" and that is a completly different topic).
One big PayTV service was Premiere (I think that was what it was called), but that company somehow basicly crashed. I don't even know if they actually were cable bound or not.
Today, there a several systems takeing over. We do have actual cable TV providers that provide internet\telephone as well, but there are verry few of them, a lot of renaming is done and for the most part, service and hardware are shit.
Sky came up big after they got the rights to a big part of the german soccer league. While they started out as a cable company, they transformed into the market of this kind of weired multi-system TV provider (cable, satelite, TV on demand), but they do not supply internet or phone lines.
The german Telekom as well as Vodafone hopped onto the train as well.
But they basicly do not supply you with cable, but either IP-TV or satelite TV with IP-based encryption. Both use your highspeed internet connection to either fully stream the content or they stream the encryption data while the main chunk of data is supplied via satelite. These systems have the huge advantage of near perfect video-on-demand integration.
The last story is HD TV. Via the (verry commonly used) Astra satelite, only a small number of channels are actually in HD quality. Most of them are SD. A few years ago, the most popular TV channels (which are basicly 3 big TV companys: RTL&Sat1 Group, ProSieben Media Group and the "state TV") bounded and created the HD+ "thing". If you want to get HD versions of their content, you have to get a CI+ module for your CI+ capable TV or reciever, then get an HD+ card (which is something like 60-80€ a year). This allows your system to decrypt the encrypted HD channel data that you get via satelite.
Via all these systems, PayTV has spread a lot, but still it's not a big thing not to have it. We don't have it and we don't miss it.