fave automotive A/Cs 1955-85 yrs

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cfz2882

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anyone have a special fave among ~1955-85 era car airconditioning systems? The factory system in my '77 blazer really cranked out the cold on the hottest days;used the A-6 compressor and expansion valve.Thinking about fixing the A/C in my '82 z28,got the leak fixed but i might switch the R4 compressor for an A-6 and convert the cycling switch setup for an expansion valve setup that i think gives better performance.I don't really care for the R4 compressor;introduced in '76 on certain GM cars,quickly earned a bad durability record-they seem to produce fine aluminum dust as they operate-this dust gets between the seal faces and causes a leak.The A-6 came out ~1960 and was used up through about 1989 in big block chevy,GM van and jag v12 apps.A friend had a ~1970 mercury and it's A/C also cranked out brutally cold air too!
 
I don't know what my early to mid 70's GM's had but they pumped out plenty of cold air. The next car I had with a/c was a 94 Camry which was ok but paled in comparison. My 99 Benz wasn't that great but sufficient although repair prone. Hubbys' 06 Ram brings on the cold and fast whereas my 07 Mazda 3 has always struggled and on the hottest of hot humid days requires the recirc button to be pressed so it can keep up.
 
Gee this brings back memories. Growing up you could always tell the difference in US cars just by looking at the AC compressors. Chryslers had the distinctive two cylinder Airtemp, Fords had the huge York, which I think was one cylinder, and GM cars had the smooth Fridgidaire swashplate.

The Frigidaire didn't always produce good results. We had one in a 1972 Mercedes that was marginal at best. I think Thermo King, better known for truck units, made the installation. Good thing they got out of the passenger car market!

My uncle drove Plymouths and the Airtemp system was miles ahead of any of the imports.
 
That old Frigidaire A-6 is a great compressor, big and heavy, heavy, heavy but boy can it put out. I still remember the smell of the A/C system in my great aunt's '61 Caddy. She'd drop by my grandparent's house out in the country when I was small and they'd walk out to the driveway to say hello and she'd sit in that Caddy for 20 minutes chatting with the air on high and the window open! It was ice-cold, even at idle.

 

The York used by Ford back then can also provide plenty of cold air but it has very high cyclical loads that aren't friendly to some engines, and it also doesn't like high rpms.

 

The Sanden SD-508 is a very good compressor, much lighter than the Frigidaire but smoother and more tolerant of high-rpm useage than the York. I've had experience with OEM Sandens in Fiat, Peugeot and Alfa and they worked really well.

 

As far as whole systems go, the best I've ever had is in my '02 VW Golf TDI. It cools fast and gets really cold, plus the car has never overheated in over 180,000 miles. It's had lots of other problems but VW got the HVAC and cooling systems right. Oddly enough the second best was my '79 Alfa GTV. The system was manufactured by Behr in Germany and used the Sanden and could put out plenty of cold air.

 

Oddest system I've ever had was in my first Fiat X1/9, a '77 1300. It had a double-ended water pump with two seals and pulleys at both ends that was unique to 1300s with air. The compressor, a tiny Italian made Tecumseh clone, sat next to the rearmost cylinder and drove off the rear water pump pulley. The pulleys were very small and the belts had to be tight or they'd slip. It worked OK although not much output at idle, but it didn't seem mind 7000 rpm upshifts on a regular basis. Funny thing, that car would do 93 flat out regardless of whether or not the a/c was on. It did cool best at over 80, though back then with the 55 mph limit I had to be careful! My next two X1/9s were 1500 injection models and used the Sanden.

 

Back to Ford's York: I had a friend some years ago who owned a body shop and was a real Ford junkie. When he was in high school a buddy of his was the son of a doctor who also had a real thing for high performance Fords. In '67 he took delivery of a brand new Mercury Cougar with a top-loader four speed and 427 side oiler, not the usual 428. It also had factory air but was delivered with the York and associated bracketry in the trunk with a disclaimer that there was no warranty on the compressor if it was installed! Evidently Ford had set up the order system to not allow the 427 to be ordered with a/c, but the doctor had some pull with his dealer so they worked out this compromise. When the story was told to me it sounded fishy but my friend did know his Fords and actually saw the compressor in the trunk the day the car was delivered. He then told me that he still talked to the old doctor now and then and that he was driving a totally loaded Crown Victoria with the Police Interceptor engine, suspension and tranny that supposedly could not be ordered on anything other than a true police car, so I guess the doc was still buds with his dealer. That old Cougar would be worth a fortune today . . .
 
I saw somewhere on another forum where the A6 was rated for 43,000 BTU cooling-besides GM applications,i have seen the A6 used in certain late 70s fords(!),audi-including early through mid 80s 5000,volvo,jaguar,rolls royce,and early porsche 928-(my '81 928 has a nippondenso)The good 'ol A6 even has pressure fed lubrication.A weird aftermarket A/C sysstem i once saw was on a 1970 renault 16:engine sits "backwards"in the 16 with alternator,water pump,etc.driven by a pulley on the "back"(forward facing)end of the camshaft-citroen style.There was a rubber coupling on the cam pulley to drive a twin cylinder AC compressor clutch.The evap was the usuall underdash double blower unit while the radiator had an extra ~7"electric fan mounted beside the original electric radiator fan.
'70s era saab 99 aftermarket ACs are pretty klutz too-big york 2cyl hung waay out to the right of the head,long,throw-off prone belt driving it...
 
67 Fury--after a new exp valve--would frost the outlets. Car had 140k on it.

82 Rabbit would overheat the engine even at moderate temps. The 80 didn't do that, neither did the 75 add-on.

Never saw anything do 'meatlocker' better than El Camino. Fullsize air cooling roughly 1/3 the space.

Had two early 60s Pontiacs, those never struggled. Neither did 57 Buick. 61 and 64 Fords, less than remarkable but still adequate.

86 Celica, also less than remarkable but still adequate, loads the 2L engine perceptibly. I still have that car. The compressor outlet O-ring hardened and lost charge in 2005, otherwise required no service.
 
cfz . . .

I had no idea Ford ever used the Frigidaire A-6; I know I've seen the old York on Lincolns of the late '70s but maybe it became insufficient at some point. I believe Mercedes used it on a few cars too.

 

After having meddled around with the rear engined 4CV and Dauphine during the '50s Renault realized that front wheel drive was best for most cars and copied the powertrain layout of Citroen's Traction Avant and DS for their R4 of '61. They did it again with the R16 in '65. I've never seen the exact a/c layout you mentioned but it sounds reasonable although risky for the engine in the case of a compressor failure.

 

Pic below is of a '73 Citroen SM with the original Italian built York compressor. It's driven off the high pressure pump to the right in the photo, which is in turn driven by the grey layshaft going back to the engine where it is connected to a fitting on the nose of the intermediate shaft in the "v" of the engine. That shaft is driven by the main timing chain at the rear of the engine and also runs the left and right bank upper timing chains that are placed, respectively, between the first and middle pair of cylinders and the middle and rear pair of cylinders. Thus, the a/c load is taken by the main chain.

 

On the eve of the introduction of the SM in '70 the head tech guy from Citroen's west coast headquarters here in LA was part of a special tour to introduce the car to dealers. In Paris he advised against using the York as it had caused problems in high-mileage DSs with aftermarket a/c (usually by Coolaire but occasionally Fridgeking or Mitchell) but was told that the engine was Maserati's problem and they hadn't mentioned anything about that. In Modena he said the same thing to the guys at Maserati and was told the a/c was Citroen's problem and they hadn't mentioned anything . . .

 

In the US a compressor cut-out button was usually fitted and buyers advised to only turn it on when they wanted a/c, but the original system energized the compressor whenever the blower was on, with the concept being that in the winter it would dehumidify the air automatically as the compressor was cycled by the frost switch. That and high rpms put a lot of wear on the Yorks which sometimes locked up as a result. Lucky drivers had the belt fail, unlucky drivers got ugly problems as valves hit pistons when the main chain tensioner was damaged. The problem has been solved today by most SMs having been fit with Sanden SD-508 compressors and better modern timing chains. The car in the pic is part of Jerry Hathaway's private collection, and being a late French spec car with Bosch Jetronic injection (not offered in the US)  and the very rare Resin Reinforcee road wheels (aka plastic, not offered here either) it is kept totally original though I suspect he has a hidden compressor cut off switch somewhere.

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Best automotive a/c system

This 61 Oldsmobile. The a/c is so cold, you are still very comfortable even while driving in the desert during the day.

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Hehe,wasn't there a Jerry Hathaway AND a citroen DS in the 1985 movie"real genius"LOL...nice underhood pic of an SM-thanks!I took pics of the R16 A/C setup-don't know where i have them stashed...Forgot to mention that R16 had an upgraded motorola alternator to handle the extra current load-the S.E.V.alternator in the normal R16 looks like a motorola licensed design.
 
I don't know about Jerry and the movie, but I took the photo of the injection car on a rare event he took it to. The photo was taken in 2008 and the car is a '73 or '74, so roughly 35 years old which shows how nice Jerry's work is in keeping a car looking original. Injection cars are uncommon even in Europe and virtually unknown here. After the SM was axed in '75 on orders from Peugeot after they got control of Citroen in '74 (they hated Cit making the biggest, fastest and plushest regular production car in France) Maserati continued making the C-114 engine through '82 for the Merak but they did not pick up the Bosch injection. Maserati also used the Italian made York clone, though most owners didn't use their Meraks as daily drivers so they had less trouble with it than on the SM.

 

Rick, I'll bet that '61 Olds a/c is pretty much the same as the deep-freezer a/c on my great aunt's '61 Caddy! Love the shot of the dashboard too, especially the way the lower instruments are designed to complement the taillights. '61 was such a pretty year for Olds both inside and out. GM was way ahead of Ford in integrating the a/c into the dash in this era.

 

I seem to recall that the first automotive a/c unit was offered by Packard in '38, but can't verify that.
 
Packard's first AC system was on the 1940 models. "Cooled by Mechanical Refrigeration in Summer," the ads said. There was no clutch so the compressor ran whenever the engine did. You had to take the belt off in the winter! Obviously not many were sold.

The 1956-57 Continentals (technically they were a separate make from Lincolns) had a Tecumseh compressor. I don't know if they were used in other cars; I seem to recall the Lincoln Premieres and Capris had Frigidaire compressors in the mid-fifties.
 
I had a 67' Chevy Impala SS that had a Frigidaire/Harrison unit in it that cooled quite well. Never really had any problems with it except for a evaporator that was killed by leaves and twigs debris.

Then I got my 1970 Cougar XR-7. The air cond was marginal at best. I had it in various dealerships multiple times and they all said the same thing "The air in these cars is weak, get used to it." Finally I took it into an independent shop that only worked on A/C units and they very quickly found the problem and fixed it. The problem turned out to be a Ford Service Bulletin that none of the Ford/Mercury dealers had seen. It stated that the belt tension in the original service manual was wrong. The belt needed to be tighter than originally stated. The shop retensioned the a/c belt and the air was super cold from then on. They didn't even charge me for it. They said they had seen quite a few Cougar and Mustangs with the same problem.

We had a 1982 Toyota Corolla that had almost worthless a/c in it. If the car was sitting out in the sun you'd have to drive 25 miles to get the interior down to 80F. If the car was garaged and started out with a cool interior it was barely adequate. I think the problem was that the a/c unit only had three very small vents in the dash panel so the airflow was very restricted.

And lastly our 92 Ford Explorer Sport had pretty weak air too. But I think the problem was due to the same thing the Toyota had, not enough vents. But newer Explorers always seem to have dual a/c systems nowadays. I know the reason for that.

And lastly the a/c in my BMW X5 will freeze you out. It also has a cabin air filter that is between the outside air and the evaporator. So the evaporator is still as clean as is was when new. The filter catches all the leaves and twigs that would normally clog th evaporator up.
 
Chrysler Products

Airtemp !

They had the Decals on the rear windows. I still have a Chrysler Airtemp window unit.

rickr, Beautiful Olds. Gawd, look at all that Steel and Chrome on the Dash alone !!!

Just beautiful.
 
1957 Lincoln Premiere

I don't think it was the world's most efficient system, but as an almost exclusively back seat passenger in our '57 Lincoln, I appreciated the registers in the ceiling.  All four corners of the cabin had their own personal vent that rotated 360 degrees with louvers that allowed the airflow to be aimed in any direction.

 

My parents always insisted that everyone aim their vent to the center of the cabin instead of directly on themselves.  That never worked.

 

The car was the biggest lemon I had ever known (until I met Dave and he had a prototype 1980 Audi 4000) and I don't know anything about the compressor, except that my dad, a machinist at the time, had to fashion new piston rods for it.

 

You can see an example of a ceiling register over the driver's position in this picture:

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For me that prize would go to 1984 Volvo Turbo Wagon my Mom drove it would freeze you out of there.It had a huge electric pusher

fan in front of the car which is rare but being a Turbo which will glow cherry red if you have had your foot in the gas alot.

So cold that it would hurt your hands being close to it.I loved that car we put a ton of miles on that car and it never broke down.
 
How bizarre, Ralph.

The worst A/C on any of my cars (well, only two of my cars have had A/C) is on my '97 Dodge Neon. It works fine when it works, but over the past five years it's been leaking refrigerant. I fill it up, and it works ok for a while again, and then loses its charge again. Probably lost it again by now, since I've had it parked for about a year now (engine rear main seal needs replacing).

The A/C on my '99 Chrysler however works just fine, even though it was parked mostly for about 10 years, with less than 40,000 miles on it. Now I drive it on a daily basis and appreciate the A/C. I guess this is part of the difference between an econo box and a top of the line model. The Neon was obviously built to a price point - and the lack of longevity of some components points to that. The 300M, built of somewhat higher quality components and although it doesn't get as good mileage as the Neon, they are more trouble free and comfortable miles.

As an aside, Chrysler Corporation was an early adopter of A/C, having created a revolutionary high speed radial compressor to help cool the Chrysler building in Manhattan in the early 1930's. Out of that came the Airtemp Corporation, which went on to cool Pullman railroad cars before A/C was applied to passenger cars.

More info:

"Not surprisingly, Airtemp took a position of leadership in air conditioning, inventing capacity regulators (to allow compressors to work at the required load, rather than at peak) in 1937, and the first self-contained units (featuring the first sealed radial compressor) in 1938, the year Airtemp was re-absorbed back into Chrysler Corporation as a division. By 1941, Airtemp had over 500 dealers - each backed by an installation engineer - and by 1948, it employed 1,325 people in Dayton. Ironically, though, Chrysler was not the first brand to have onboard air conditioning; that honor goes to Packard, in 1940, and then to Cadillac, in 1941. Chrysler offered air conditioning in 1942, and three 1942 DeSotos with the system are known to exist, according to Collectible Automobile (February 2007 issue).

...1953 was apparently the first year for air conditioning in Chrysler vehicles, although they almost had it eleven years earlier. The earliest Chrysler trunk mounted systems used R22. My theory is that since Chrysler's Airtemp Division made home and commercial units already, this is what they were familiar with and this is what they used.

A/C units from 1957 on appear to have used R12, and were sourced from an outside supplier (Eaton, Yale, & Towne in most older models) despite use of the Airtemp name. Some 1957 MoPar owners' manuals refer to the factory A/C units as "Cartemp Air Conditioning", an apparent attempt to establish a secondary brand name for the outside-vendor-supplied car units.

On the outside, air-conditioned Mopar products used flush-mounted air intake grilles instead of clumsy-looking scoops like the competition. ... Its unit took up little trunk space, and the compressor took up only one cubic foot under the hood. The condenser panel was mounted out of the way, diagonally, in front of the radiator, where it received adequate fresh air without blocking the cooling system. ...

A single switch-marked Low, Medium, and High selected fan speed. High was capable of cooling a big DeSoto or Chrysler from 120 to 85 degrees in about two minutes, and also completely eliminated humidity, dust, pollen, and tobacco smoke. Since Airtemp relied on fresh air, drawing in 60 percent more than any other system, it avoided the staleness associated with more primitive rigs. It was also silent and unobtrusive. Instead of the awkward plastic tubes mounted on the package shelf, as on GM and other setups, Airtemp employed small ducts that directed cool air toward the ceiling of the car, the air then filtering down around the passengers instead of blowing directly at them."


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The factory original system on my '58 Buick with the Frigaidaire compressor cools great. I'm comfortable in the car even when it is 100 degrees outside.
 

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