~Is it a common phenomenon in the US to rent an apartment inclusive of heat?
The US is such a big place one can't talk about the country as a whole. After all, there are places where you don't need ANY heat and a lot more that you use it only for two weeks or less.
In New York City most apartments include heat. This was done to move away from having many small vented gas, wood or coal "stoves" (heaters) in each apartment back in the early 20th century
It was seen as much safer/cleamer to have one large central heating system for all apartments. The first central heating systems were coal-fired steam systems that were completely non-electric.
A relative has a two-family house where the heat is inlcuded in the rent to the tenant. A easy as it would be to separate the heat and have the tenant pay for their own gas (or oil) heat [and control it with their own thermotat], their is reluctance to change it, in that it becoemes difficult to judge at what level the rent shodld be set. There are very few apartments to compare it to where heat is NOT included.
Similarly, tenats normally pay for cooking gas ($15 or less per month) in buldings constructed before 1960. (The vast majority here) In newer buildings where gas is still only used by the tenats for cooking, it is usally an expense to the lanlord and not individually metered to tenants.
The logic is: Say in a 20-story buildng it makes no seses to meter each run (stove) separately, from the basment to the stove. Much easier is to pick-up all 20 stoves/ cookers with one vertical pipe run. Multiply this by the number of apartments on one floor. So a buiding 20 high by 5 "wide" only needs 5 pipe-runs rather than 100. The cost of piping and plumibing is way too high compared to the cost of gas comsumed.
Honestly no one cares either way WHO pays for cooking gas. But uneducated apartment dwellers sometimes use their stoves for more heat and are breathing in toxic fumes.
VERY slowly new construciton is changing over to where all utlites (except cold water) is metered to the teants.
I love HVAC talk. (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning. So if we want to start a thread as to how aparmtens in large buidlngs each individually heated and metered i'd love it!
the "esay" fix here to get separte heat to each teant is to throw hotel-style PTAC units in. These are 42" wide (100cm +) and that is bad in that electirc heat is not "GREEN" or economcal to operate.