While Mostly Eradicated In the United States
Thanks to some very heavy duty pesticides such as DDT, bedbugs are still common in many other parts of the world. One school of thought is that due to the increased and cheap travel now possible, the little buggers are making a comeback to the United States.
Here in NYC the bedbug problem started with a few hotels, and homes, but now is really all over, up and down the social ladder.
There is also the increase in persons taking in furniture including mattresses from the street or purchasing from places such as Craigslist and so forth. Persons of earlier generations for the most part wouldn't pick up things off the street because "you never know where it's been"... Today I see all sorts of persons grab anything from the curb and take it home. Problem is bedbugs are so small and hide quite well, that you really won't know they have hitched a ride until too late.
Sadly once you have the little bastards in your home, or even apartment building, they are VERY hard to get shot of. Again since DDT is not on the table, and like many other type of vermin, bedbugs have grown resistant to common poisons. Persons have thrown out almost everything they owned, had all the rugs pulled up and thrown away, and so forth, and yet the things keep coming back.
Like roaches, bedbugs will move to another room or apartment (in larger buildings), to avoid pesticides. Problem is many persons keep their infestation a secret out of shame or reducing the value of their home/apartment. This means others living nearby cannot take steps to protect their homes, and thus the infestation moves about.
Here in NYC is very common for persons purchasing a co-op, condo or even house to now inquire if the place has ever been treated for bedbugs. Sellers, and or buildings that fail to disclose the fact have been hauled into court for damages or to void the sale.