Mounting issues
I've had to deal with XP and Server 2003 machines that had to be told to mount the disk and assign it a drive letter via Disk Management before they would talk to USB-connected drives, but not ones connected into the existing cables on the motherboard, unless--as you noted--they used old non-SATA cabling that needed jumpering. Usually, if I had the drives mis-jumpered (two slaves, or two masters) the machine wouldn't boot the OS until the situation was remedied.
My suspicion would be that the drive motor spins, but it's unable to mount the disk due to problems. The severity depends on the issue. Some drive recovery software can work with an unmountable disk and recover files; sometimes well, sometimes in a big, directoryless/folderless garbage heap. Some even need help determining what the file is, and you're left having to guess at whether you're working with a .doc, .jpg, or other type of file.
If the heads contacted the platter during the failure, the chances for even professional recovery are slim. Physical damage to the disk media can cause trouble for recovery services, which essentially take the good platters from the dead disk and attempt to read them with functioning equipment.
I've had to deal with XP and Server 2003 machines that had to be told to mount the disk and assign it a drive letter via Disk Management before they would talk to USB-connected drives, but not ones connected into the existing cables on the motherboard, unless--as you noted--they used old non-SATA cabling that needed jumpering. Usually, if I had the drives mis-jumpered (two slaves, or two masters) the machine wouldn't boot the OS until the situation was remedied.
My suspicion would be that the drive motor spins, but it's unable to mount the disk due to problems. The severity depends on the issue. Some drive recovery software can work with an unmountable disk and recover files; sometimes well, sometimes in a big, directoryless/folderless garbage heap. Some even need help determining what the file is, and you're left having to guess at whether you're working with a .doc, .jpg, or other type of file.
If the heads contacted the platter during the failure, the chances for even professional recovery are slim. Physical damage to the disk media can cause trouble for recovery services, which essentially take the good platters from the dead disk and attempt to read them with functioning equipment.