Re Alberta and such. My partner and I lived there for 20 years up until moving here to Ontario in 2006. Alberta is commonly referred to as Canada most redneck province akin to the worst of a southern US state but in fact isn't anywhere near as bad as that nor as backward as many from elsewhere believe. Certainly the govt there at the time was against the same-sex proposal bowing to pressure from the rural strongly religious vote, who like in the south always vote whle the urban cities, Calgary, Edmonton etc take a more liberal view. Their last ditch attempt to thwart same-sex marriage was to institute a very broad domestic partnership statute which gave any two people regardless of relationship the same rights as a married/common law couple. That meant for example two old ladies with no family or two old men, two good friends etc sharing a house who were dependent on each other could register as domestic partners and gain the benefits without being married. A very big win win for many people in dire circumstances with no family but dependent on another person. It's actually the basis on which the UK civil unions was based (same as marriage but not marriage.
Still in all the federal government of Canada defines what the term "marriage" includes or doesn't include and the provinces are only given the right to register marriages. Any province that does not agree with any federal legislation has the right to opt out by using what is termed a "notwithstanding clause" for a term of I believe 5 years at which time it must either comply or again apply/vote to continue not complying. Not quite sure how it works..
Anyways in the case of Alberta in the end they saw the writing on the wall as the only holdout and withdrew fearing that for them to invoke the "notwithstanding clause" would be politically disasterous because it would be the first time in history that it had happened where a province actually took away citizens rights enshrined in the Charter.
Still in all the federal government of Canada defines what the term "marriage" includes or doesn't include and the provinces are only given the right to register marriages. Any province that does not agree with any federal legislation has the right to opt out by using what is termed a "notwithstanding clause" for a term of I believe 5 years at which time it must either comply or again apply/vote to continue not complying. Not quite sure how it works..
Anyways in the case of Alberta in the end they saw the writing on the wall as the only holdout and withdrew fearing that for them to invoke the "notwithstanding clause" would be politically disasterous because it would be the first time in history that it had happened where a province actually took away citizens rights enshrined in the Charter.