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"whole residential lower level"

Placing everything on any particular floor level or major area of a building on one circuit is very poor design. In the event the circuit breaker trips or fuse blows, that entire area is left in the dark. Some friends moved into an old house wired like that, and a fuse blew leaving the entire first floor dark except the bathroom. The 2nd floor was also on one circuit. They soon had the house totally rewired. Also, kitchen appliance circuits should never serve any other rooms except a dining room or pantry.
 
UK homes typically have at least one 6 or 10 amp radial lighting circuit in that should the ring MCB blow, hardwired ceiling and wall mounted fixtures are still functional.

 

A 32 amp ring and one 10 amp lighting circuit in the UK can supply more power than 4 120 volt circuits- two rated at 20 amps and two at 15 amps in a typical US home. Hence there are no code requirements restricting a circuit to any particular area as you find in the NEC. 
 
Well, went to Home Depot and picked up my copy of  "Wiring Simplified". It looks good.

 

If I have a complaint, though, it would be that the type is a bit small. Not so small that I need a magnifier, but sort of on the edge.

 

Anyway, I'm wondering if the original edition was in a larger format (2017 version or earlier, that is). Maybe not, since the added size might adversely affect sticking it in a tool box. LOL.

 

Anyway, I'll be roaming through Wiring Simplified over the next few days/weeks/months.

 

PS- About 40 years ago, I had a temp job with an electrical contractor who had helped wire a new building for the lab I was working. Wiring Simplified would have been a good read back then, too.
 
Have a look at the pictures in reply #46.

 

 

There is no strap between the neutral terminal and the receptacles yoke.

 

This is correct for a listed NEMA 10-30r and 10-50r.

 

 

I encourage you to look at any NEMA 10-30 or 10-50 made by a reputable brand like Leviton, Hubbell, Eaton, Legrand, ect.
 
According to the book, in 1956 one could still freely install knob and tube wiring but it also says most people don't because it's too expensive. lol

These days the ideal electric system would have all lighting wired as 12 volt DC, most outlets in the bedrooms, living rooms, and offices/libraries being 12 volt DC with USB outlets.

Really the only place 120 volt AC is needed is at specific appliances like the water heater, washing machine, kitchen counter, etc. and most of those appliances are located in only a few rooms.

With the main wiring system being 12 DC it's easy to draw power from a solar system battery bank. All the LED lights are low voltage and need to have built in transformers to work on the current 120volt AC set up.

I think I would put one 120 v AC outlet in each bedroom or living room next to the entrance at a convenient height of 30"

bradfordwhite-2023050911144108238_1.jpg
 
12V DC wiring...

I have a dual-voltage wired home - 12 V DC and 230 V AC.

There are disadvantages to 12 V too - voltage drop over distance becomes much more significant, you need short wire runs and heavy cables to keep voltage drop to a minimum. The cables are substantially more expensive than regular household cable for 240V.

Most "real" solar power systems (ones really designed to run a home, not just tinkering with the concept) have higher battery voltage than 12V - most these days are 48V DC, some are higher than that. So if you want 12V DC outlets, you need a DC:DC converter.

 

My battery voltage is 24V, that was common when we built this house but as systems have become larger, 48V is the standard now. We have a DC:DC converter to provide 12V from the 24V battery bank, it is limited to 10 amps at 12 volts. (You can get bigger ones.)

The only thing we still use on the 12V side is a couple of lights in the kitchen. In the early days we also ran TV antenna booster; cordless phone base station; and a small fan to circulate air from our wood heater, but all these gadgets are either no longer used, or replaced with something that doesn't use 12V.

 

The original thinking was that we have a quite sophisticated  Australian-made inverter that goes into a power saving mode when there is no load on it, cutting battery power consumption to just a couple of watts. Once every second it checks for a load and if it finds a load (minimum is about 3 watts) then it turns on, which draws about 15 watts minimum to run the inverter for even the smallest load. If the load falls below 3 watts, the inverter turns off and goes back to standby mode. This works really well, better than most new inverters today, which are more "made to a price" than ours. The thing is, we have a much bigger solar array - originally we had 1.2 kW of panels at this house, then upgraded to 2.4, then 3.6 and we are about to increase it to 4 kW. (Which is the most we can fit on the garage roof.) We have some gadgets that must be powered 24/7 such as mobile phone signal booster and printers, as well as phone chargers we use at night, so the inverter is now on 24/7 and hasn't dropped back to standby mode for years. We now have enough panels to cover this background power consumption. So we don't really need the 12V DC wiring, I'm not sure if I'd bother if we had to build this house again. (heaven forbid!) I might still have some DC lights, so that in case the inverter fails we would still have lights.

One thing I might do in future is install some USB outlets on the 12V DC circuit. You can't have too many these days. I'll look into that, I'm not sure how easy it is to find USB wall outlets that take a 12V DC  supply.

 

As a funny aside, we laid some very heavy DC cables from the battery shed to the house to give us the option to run a special low voltage 24 V DC fridge. These cables are huge as the low voltage DC fridge compressors at the time were very sensitive to voltage drop. The converted fridges cost over $2000 so we didn't get one at the beginning, we used an LPG fridge. Then we added more solar panels, and standard fridges got way more efficient, so we just got an efficient 240V AC fridge. The expensive DC cables we laid 20 years ago have never been used. They are still there...

 

We also wanted to be all future-proof, so we put cat 5 data-grade phone cables to most rooms, so we could have dial-up internet in each of 5 rooms... We no longer have a land line phone connection at all, the whole system, including 250 metres of cable from the front gate to our house, is redundant. It took me two whole days with a hired trenching machine to dig the trench for that cable... D'oh!
 
#66

Yes with D.C. one has to be cognizant of voltage drop even from room to room but it's mainly within one's home. Most solar arrays are on the roof or near by. Having to beef up some branch main lines is a small price to pay for energy independence imo.

I suggest the 12 volt for simplicity sake. Avoiding transformers and the like which can be high maintenance, expensive to replace and points of noise, heat, and energy usage. I'd rather invest money one time in thicker gauge wires so one can move power from one point in a home to another efficiently. Copper wires don't break down.

An independent 48 volt system is preferred for the few high watt use appliances where stepping up the 12 volt to 120 volt AC is preferred.

Technology is always changing, becoming more affordable and easier to use. It's just incredible.
 
Irish wiring is like a hybrid of UK fittings and more like continental European wiring practices. We usually use a lot of 16 and 20amp radial circuits. Rings are permitted but they’re way less common than in the UK.

Lighting circuits are usually 6 or 10amp.

RCDs (GFCIs) were require originally only on circuits with socket outlets in the or water heating appliances etc in the 1970s and 80s. They have expanded that to all circuits. There’s a lot of use of combined breaker / RCD units called RCBOs in modern wiring.

Unlike the UK through, most homes have at least a couple of rows or breakers, as rings aren’t used much.

Also rings aren’t allowed in kitchens / utilities. Multiple radials are required instead.

Grounding is absolutely mandatory and has been since the 1930s. You won’t find any non grounded outlets. They simply don’t exist.
 
Maybe the place was remodeled in '08 and made larger with the core of the original (most likely 60's built) structure still under the gussied up make-over.
 
Now thats way cool!
smiley-cool.gif


 

 

However I'd have to agree with the last two replies, that is either a hack job or the building is 70+ years old.
 
Not sure...

The socket looks Swiss (Type J: three prongs, polarised) but it might even be the Brasilian/International and proposed European (Type N).

The plug looks rather Italian (Type L, two prongs, not polarised) than the Europlug (Type C, two prongs non polarised).

However, the Italian plug and the Swiss socket are compatible in the sense that the plug is accepted by the socket
 
Good eyes!

 

Maybe its just me, but now that I look at it the top holes seem bigger than the bottom holes which would indicate a dual 10/20 amp Inmetro socket. I think its silly though, just stick with a 16 amp type N. That would be ideal.

 

 

The plug is probably Italian, ungrounded type Cs usually have the skirt around them. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
Have you said "good eyes", chetlaham?

It's not only you: to me too the holes of the top socket look bigger than those of the bottom socket, but I don't have an explanation for that although looking on Wikipedia it seems that the Swiss socket may have smaller holes than the Brazilian/International proposed European socket
 

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