THE SPECS ARE THERE...
Sometimes the cycle specs are in your owner's manual but if you remove the door panel or look under the machine there is usually a technician's technical service sheet which describes in detail how the programs work and what each one looks for in order to progress thru the cycle. It may describe how on a certain setting, the computer will check initial fill temps and then monitor how long it takes to reach a setpoint and if it does, it progresses, and if it doesnt, it may default out at say, 10 minutes of heating and if the set point is not met by then, it will then advance to the next phase.It will also measure how much water it sees and will flash error codes thru the panel lights or in the display if there is one. It is actually pretty good reading if you really want to know what is going on.
It will also go into the soil levels and how the machine may drain and purge to insure clean water and dishes. The machines with the optical sensors work so much better than the ones which used the water pressure switches to measure soil levels. "Seeing" how dirty the water is will tell the computer to alter the program for proper results adding time, heat and or water. If the water is cleaner and hotter, it will speed things up a bit and will sometimes use a greater portion of the prewash water for the main wash.. You could almost say that no two complete cycles are exactly the same on the computerized machines.
Lots of good stuff there!